Defeat by Deception:

How Mr. Nixon and the USSR Stole India’s 1971 Victory

 

 

An Analysis of Declassified US Department of State Documents

 

 

Ravi Rikhye

 

E-Book 154 pages US$7

 

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Hard copy expected release August 1, 2005

 

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kindly be aware that because of the need for speed, copy editor is still working on the mss and publication will inevitably result in additional information coming in. we will update as needed; your order includes all updates which will be sent to you automatically.

 

the book is copyright; material except for state department documents should not be substantially quoted without permission. contact Publisher.

 

 

This analysis is not solely limited to the 75 declassified documents. It includes other material and research done by the author over several years. This additional material is required to give a 3D picture of the documents. Potential purchasers of the book should understand the US Department of State has released only part of its documents. What CIA and US Department of Defense documents are included are fairly harmless material shared with the State Department.

 

Copies of the documents will be available courtesy of the Center for Indian Military History www.indianmilitaryhistory.org

 

 

 

·        India achieved only one of three key war objectives.

·        India was cheated of its full victory  by collusion between Mr. Nixon and the Soviet Union.

·        India began the war with considered deliberation and executed its plan well – until it was forced to ceasefire with two of its 3 objectives unmet.

·        The CIA had a high-level traitor in the Indian cabinet – but it isn’t whom you think.

·        Mr. Nixon, aided by Mr. Kissinger, ran their own foreign policy out of the President’s office, bypassing the US State Department and other administration agencies, the US Congress, and the media – in other words, the people of America.

·        Our “ally”, the Soviet Union was working on an agenda that corresponded exactly with Mr. Nixon’s and sought to undercut India from the first.

·        Mr. Nixon’s threats to India were based solely on bluff; the Russians, who did the talking for themselves and the Americans, added their own bluff.

·        Not only did Mr. Nixon have no cards, he ran dangerously close to violating the US Constitution and risked impeachment if matters had gone wrong for him.

·        Mr. Nixon did his best to persuade China to attack India – though earlier in the crisis he was prepared to assist India if the Chinese attacked.

·        China absolutely refused to let America or Pakistan involve it in the war beyond working through the UN.

·        Mr. Nixon’s change of course and his anti-India crusade were purely personal matters. He already had an antipathy to Mrs. Indira Gandhi, but when he discovered she was systematically lying to him, he took it personally and became enraged. He became determined to punish her. That he should lose control of himself was because of his personality as comes through in the declassified documents.  Yet, while he did not know how to handle Mrs. Gandhi, Mrs. Gandhi did not know how to handle the Americans.

·        While Mr. Kissinger was part and parcel of Mr. Nixon’s attempt to stop India, his opposition was motivated by rational considerations. Mr. Kissinger feared the unraveling of his détente with both China and the Soviet Union if India won the war. This in turn would have undone the plan to end the Cold War.

·        The Enterprise incident had nothing to do with helping the Pakistani’s in East Bengal.

·        As the crisis progressed, Pakistan Eastern Command increasingly began to act autonomously of West Pakistan. This increased the repression in the East and led to delays in the ceasefire/surrender.

·        There were no 20-million refugees. The US estimate of 6-million was also too high.

·        Mrs. Gandhi conducted a brilliant international public relations campaign to convince the world to back India, including the United States. But ultimately, she could not save India from international condemnation to a degree never seen before at the UN.

·        Her bigger failure was in her inability to explain to the world that the East Pakistan repression was not just a mass killing of its own people, but genocide against the Hindus and ethnic cleansing of Hindus to expel them from East Pakistan. A civil revolt in East Bengal triggered by the 1971 elections developed into a religious pogrom by Muslims against Hindus.

·        Mr. Nixon hated Mrs. Gandhi – but he hated Mr. Bhutto too. The smooth-talking Mr. Bhutto, trying to promote himself regardless of the cost to his country, is very evident in the documents.

·        Mr. Nixon thought he held a document, which would completely discredit Mrs. Gandhi. He wanted Mr. Kissinger to drop the bomb. But Kissinger, who was an ethical person despite his dislike of Mrs. Gandhi, was so appalled he refused to cooperate. This document concerned Mrs. Gandhi’s personal life.

·        Mr. Moraji Desai was no CIA agent: he was an enemy of the CIA, and he was smeared to protect the CIA’s position in India.